Critical Review of Two Academic Papers

scathing refreshen of some(prenominal) academic document about the impacts of festivals and progenys to topical anesthetic and regional increment The aim of this demonstrate is to critical examine cardinal academic papers relating to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development. The head start diagnose piece of writing of Moscardo (2007) Analyzing the consumption of festivals and events in regional development, foc physical exercises on the authorisation role of festivals and events and explaining how tin grass they kick in to regional development.Another paper, wrote by woods (2005) metre the frugal and social impacts of local chest events, focuses on local effectiveness use events in non-tourism regions and the post-industrial town of Blackburn in Lancashire. This essay will introduce the diverse mannerological approaches that these two articles apply and discuss wherefore these manners suitable for these two papers. It will i n like manner discuss other parts of systems the authors used. match to Lancaster( 2009) utilize different kinds of orderological grass make the selective development more au thereforetic and valid.Focus on the content of these two papers, in the first writing, Moscardo (2007) describes that the study explored 36 example studies and analysis place 13 themes which connected to the efficiency of festivals and events in regional development. The results of this inquiry, which ar god by using the soft interrogation rule, argon used to describing how festivals and events kindle put up to regional development. They to a fault analysed the factors to the success of events and festivals. Moreover, Eisenhard (1989 cited in Moscardo) leave aloned the main steps in faux pas study analysis.In another(prenominal) article, woods (2005) uses duodecimal mode to identified twain economical and social impacts of community focused on local authority events. This research using in the first place six questionnaires to evaluate two large events on different sides. As it mentioned, the authors used two different types of research methods. One is qualitative method and another one is numeric method. As read by Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) there be generally three distinct differences in the midst of qualitative info and quantitative information. outset of altogether, qualitative data is found on done words express meanings and earth-closetnot be uantified. In contrast, qualitative data is based on meanings indicated with numerates and that can be counted or measured. Second, qualitative method conducted data from using conceptual imitate and quantitative method conducted data through using charts and statistics. Third, quantitative research relies mainly on statistical information and numbers, the results are numerical. Conversely, qualitative method take aim analyse longer descriptions instead of numbers. For using qualitati ve method, the vantages are this method strength is in uncovering more about throngs experience.As qualitative research focuses on small groups, it can be little pricy than quantitative research which may read large groups of participants or expensive measurement tools. There are also submit some postivist (Egan 2012) spots with qualitative research, such as subjective, cannot be generalised and it is unwieldy to determine the validity and reli energy of lingual data. For using quantitative method, it both have positive sides and nix sides too. The advantages are the data is special(prenominal), replicable, generaliseable and it is aggregates across multiple subjects and summarizes findings.However, quantitative data may not be as rich as or as elaborated as qualitative method and survey may be baffling for some participants, may not provide all the information needed for interpretations of data findings, and the large amounts of data may require more sophisticated an alysis approaches (Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou 2007). sustain on these two papers, the reason wherefore Moscardo (2007) used qualitative research method is because this study is focused on a specific area about the role that successful events and festivals can play in regional development. It is need information specifically and robust.Due to the excogitation of the study, another author Wood (2005) used quantitative research method , which is evaluate two events and develop local massess attitude to the region. They need widely information to know the general opinions of local authority events. Continuing focus on the different research methods the authors chose. Moscardo (2007) explored 36 grapheme studies and identified 13 themes in content analysis. Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) state that case study research specializes in the understanding of a complex issue or experience in design and can be expanded or added to any known through preceding(prenominal) research tre ngths. Case study highlights a limited number of events or conditions and detailed background analysis of the relationship betwixt them. Elsmore (2012) maintains that case study has many merits. For example, first, it can put flock , events and organisations in their both social and historical context. Second, it has a ability to treat the subject as a whole. Third, data collection is precise flexible, this scheme permits researchers to adjust their research strategy as the research proceeds. Furthermore, there is on need to generalise to a defined wider state.Moscardo also used Eisenhardts (1989) steps in case study analysis, the process as starting line from traditional problem definition and make validation similar to hypothesis test research. It required specify population, make notional and not random sampling. Next, it should combine both qualitative and quantitative methods and overlap data collection to al embarrassed investigators to take advantage of emergent them es. Then, analyse cases and across cases and match findings and similar literature to build intrinsic validity. Lastly, extend and test hypothesis in other samples of case studies.Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) indicate that the issue theory from the Eisenhardt process is grounded enough for application. Wood (2005) developed 6 different questionnaires, it is cardinal because these questionnaires are used to assess economic impacts of authority events and festivals through survey peoples attitude. Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou (2007) opus that there are many benefits of questionnaires. The first one is the resolutions are gathered in a standardised way, so questionnaires are more objective than interviews.Then, questionnaires not all can collect data relatively quick but also can contact a large number of people at a very low price if use rally or postal. However, in some situations they can take a long clock to design and analyse. Moreover, in some cases potential resp ondents will renounce to take the condemnation to be interviewed or will refuse to answer some specific questions and response rates can be low from postal. In both papers, they chose different method, so the respondents and the numbers of information are different.In Moscardos research, he use cases from different countries and a flesh kinds of festival and event. About 50 per penny cases were from Australia, approximately all of the case were unshakable or recurring events. In Woods research, the respondents were people and organisations, it surveyed six types, the attitudes to the region before event, event attendees and participants, non-attendees, local business, sponsors, community groups and attitudes to the region afterward event. The attitude surveys were carried out by mobilize interview, and the numbers were selected randomly.Walliman (2011) says that when a sample is selected randomly, then every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected. These t wo writing were both described literature review in their different sections. harmonise to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) literature review is all their own and contribute to knowledge through literature reviews on a specific topic of research activities. They serve as valuable resources for those who want to get overview of the easy research in a contingent area.Literature review is always done as part of a paper highlighted key issues and related topics, and highlights the influence of conceptual or empirical studies already carried out in the field. To sum up, through comparing the methods used to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development in these two papers. It presents that there are mainly three differences between qualitative method and quantitative method. The biggest difference is that qualitative method express meanings through words and quantitative method is based on numbers.In addition, they both have advantages and disadvantage s. Due to their different purpose of studies, one of them chose case studies and another chose questionnaires as their research method and explains their positive sides and negative sides. Moscardo (2007) uses case from different countries and in Woods research, the respondents were people and organisations and Wood selected the sampling randomly. Finally, the last character states why need literature review and how it is significant. Above all, a research should be use suitable methods, no question it is qualitative or quantitative.